On Different Halopathy of the Families in Freeliving Copepoda Cyclopoida. Monchenko V. I. - Based on different rate of reduction of species diversity in three families of Cyclopoida in the Black Sea comparing with Mediterranean Sea (in 9, 2.8 and 1 times) the new approach to assessment of the halopathy in these families is realized. Oithonidae on the whole are recognized as highly stenohaline, Cyclopinidae as possessing some features of euryhalinity, lastly the Halicyclopinae and Eurytei- nae (fam. Cyclopidae) are recognized as euryhaline. The actively functioning osmoregulatory apparatus in copepods presented by pare of the coelomic maxillar glandulae (Lee, 1999) is examined as morpho-physiological basis of the euryhalinity.
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Review of the Genus Paracrias (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Entedoninae). Gumovsky A. V. - The New World genus Paracrias is reviewed, its diagnostic characters are corrected and the introgeneric variations are discussed. 13 species are recognized for the genus, 6 of them are described as new: P. huberi sp. n., P. laticalcar sp. n. and P. canadensis sp. n. from Canada, P. schauffi sp. n. from Mexico, P. woldai sp. n. and P. panamensis sp. n. from Panama). Diagnostic characters of the new species, change the concept of the genus. Entedon antander Walker treated earlier under Paracrias (LaSalle & Schauff, 1991) removed to the genus Horismenus. New geographic records are given. Key to species of the genus is provided.
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A Review of Species of the Genus Sparasion (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) of Palaearctic Region. Communication 2. A key to species. Kononova S. V., Petrov S. - An improved key to Palaearctic species of the genus Sparasion Latreille is provided. S. orus Kozlov et Kononova, sp. n. and S. olorus Kozlov et Kononova, sp. n. are described.
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Taxonomic Relationships of the Common Toads (Bufo bufo complex) and Some Theoretical and Practical Problems of Systematics. Communication 1. Pisanets E. M. - The investigation, based on the biological and morphological species concepts, as well as the data of hybridization analysis and variability of external morphological characters, show that the common toad from the West Caucasus and some regions of Ukraine and Russia differ from others in certain external morphological features. On the other hand, some other characters did not show differences. Results of the hybridization between the toads from the West Caucasus and other regions under laboratory conditions show viability and fertility of hybrids of F1, but the hybrids of F2 were characterized, most likely, by low viability.
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Diagnostics of Frogs of Rana esculenta Complex (Amphibia, Ranidae) in Hybrid Populations in the Environs of Dnieper. Nekrasova O. D., Morozov-Leonov S. Yu. - On the basis of genetically identified series of green frogs complex Rana esculenta main dłagnostic indices of the hind legs were identified. The best diagnostics was achieved in distinguishing R. esculenta L., 1758 (=lessonae Camerano, 1882) (90% - average percentage of identified specimens), somewhat less - R. ridibunda (87,6%), a less of all - hybrids (49,2%). The most reliable diagnostics occurs by using all the selectes indices (99,5%), also highly reliable are discriminant combinations of particular variables (95-93%) and the multiplicative index of Tarashchuk (93%); the use of single traits results in 93% to 50% of identified specimens. Traditionally used for diagnosis T./C.in. and D.p./C.in. provide the most accurate identification (93 and 88%respectively), the diagnostic value of the rest are much lower - from 77 to 50%.
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The Present Distribution and Population Size of the Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola) in Ukraine. Poluda A. M., Flade M., Davidenko I. V., Gavris G. G., Gorban I. M. - As it is well known, the information concerning the present distribution and number of the Aquatic Warbler in Ukraine practically lacks before 1995. Only scarce and sole discoveries of these birds were found in some north regions and common number in Ukraine were estimated about 1-10 singing males. During 1995-1998 the intensive research on the species was carried out in North part of Ukraine. More than 25 breeding sites were found. The total number of the Aquatic Warbler is estimated at 2 600-3400 singing males. Two population groups are distinguished in Ukraine: Pripyat' one - 2100-2800 males and Desna-Dnieper one - 500-600 males. As a result of disappearances of large tracts of sedge biotopes (mainly, as result of draining land-reclamation), where were inhabited Aquatic Warblers, breeding area and number of this species is greatly decreased. It is only suggestion, that 8000-9000 males nested in Ukraine nearly 40-50 years ago.
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Peculiarities of Migrations of the Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) in Western Ukraine. Shydlovskyy I. V. - The data on migrations of Lapwing on the territory of western oblasts of Ukraine had been collected during 13 years. All information was gathered on the observation posts, catching and ringing station, and during expeditions. Terms of came flying of birds depend from the spring character. Rapid fly of the species in East, South-East and, particularly, in North-East directions (76,5% of birds fly in the East direction) was noted during spring season. Bird flocks, which fly in spring, are characterized by the low number of specimens, rarely more than 30 birds. The most intensive fly pass early in the morning - between the first and fourth hour after sunrise (nearly 70-75% of birds flies during that time). Most of birds flies on the 15-34 m height. Summer migrations are characteristic for the species. They pass in western direction on low heights from the second half of May till the beginning of June. Daily spike of this migration is dislocated in right comparing to the spring migration; most birds fly in 2-3 hours after sunrise. Autumn migration starts in the beginning of August. It is characterized by numerous and multispecific flocks.
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Ontogeny of Ereynetid Mites (Ereynetidae, Trombidiformes) and its Adaptation to Endoparasitism. Akimov I. A., Zabludovskaja S. A. - Analysis of peculiarities of ontogeny in certain species of both free-living and parasitic Palearctic Ereynetidae mites shows that postembryonic development of the mites (Speleognathinae) are parasitizing in homoeotherms is the most corresponding to obligate endoparasitism in the family. The common evolution of the mites and their host results in reduction of the mite individual development cycle. Comparing to ontogenetic initial type of free-living mites (Ereynetinae) the nymphal phase of the Speleognathinae parasitic mites of warm-blooded animals turns into in inactive caliptostasis.
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Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) - a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris. Dovgal I. V., Grigorovich I. A. - Spirochona americana Dovgal, sp. n. is described from specimens collected in Pyramid Lake, Alberta, Canada. The chonotrich was found colonizing the gills of the gammarid amphipod Gammarus lacustris. S. americana differs from eight other species of the genus Spirochona in the ratio of cell length to cell width, cell body shape, size and morphology of the peristomal funnel, maximum cell size, and geographical distribution.
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New and Little Known Species of Mites of the Genus Heterotarsonemus (Acarina, Heterostigmata, Tarsonemidae) from Crimea. Khaustov A. A. - Heterotarsonemus magowskii Khaustov, sp. n. is described from Crimea. Heterotarsonemus coleopterorum (Schaarschmidt, 1959) is reported for the first time from Ukraine. A key to European species of the Heterotarsonemus Smiley is provided. Type material is deposited in the collection of Department of Agroecology, State Nikita Botanical Garden (Yalta).
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New for the Fauna of Russia Species of the Genus Diomorus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae). Zerova M. D., Seryogina L. Ya. - Diomorus spinosus Kamijo, 1979 formerly known from Japan (Honshu) is found among materials from the Far East Russia (Vladivostok). The morphological peculiarities of D. spinosus are discussed and a new subgenus Paradiomorus is established (type species: Diomorus spinosus).
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Scopula subtilata (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) - the New Species for Fauna of Siberia. Vasilenko S. V. - Scopula subtilata (Christoph, 1867) is redescribed. Differences from S. decorata (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) are shown.
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Tectura (Squamitectura) squamata subgen. et sp. n. (Gastropoda, Tecturidae) from Middle Sarmatian of Western Ukraine. Anistratenko O. Yu. - Tectura (Squamitectura) squamata subgen. et sp. n. (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Cyclobranchia, Tecturidae) from Middle Sarmatian of the Western Ukraine is given. Actually sarmatian fauna of Tecturidae from Ukraine includes 12 species.
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Factors which Defined the Molt dates of the Fallow-deer (Dama dama) in Climatic Conditions of South Ukraine. Steklenyov Y. P., Smagol V. M. - During 1995-1998 the molt of fallow-deer in reserve "Askania Nova" was studied. It was found that the spring molt begins in the second half of April, finishes in the end of May - beginning of June and takes place under increasing of the light day, an average, from 14 hrs 30 min to 17 hrs 00 min and temperature from 9.9°C to 18.2°Ń; the autumnal molt begins in the end of August - first half of September and continues till the end of November under decreasing of the light day from 13 hrs 30 min to 7 hrs 30 min and temperature from 17.2°C to 2.6°Ń.
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The Reaction of Hemolymph of Adalt Carabus arvensis (Coleoptera, Carabidae) to the Radioactive Pollution. Maksimova S. L. - The quantitative and qualitative changes in hemogramms of adult Carabus arvensis Herbst, 1784. In relation to different degrees of radioactive pollution are analysed. Changes in hemolymph were shown to correlate with the absorbed irradiation dose. The pathological aberrations of normal hemolymph pattern were found to be the degeneration of hemocytes and the pathological vacuolisation of cytoplasm. The phagocyte number maximum coincides with a sharp decrease in number of micronucleocytes and a substantial increase of amount of dead cells. The hematological characteristics are proposed to be bioindicators of radioactive pollution.